Aims: Heart failure (HF) is an impending complication to myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that the degree of complement activation reflects severity of HF following acute myocardial infarction. <br> <br> Methods and results: The LEAF trial (LEvosimendan in Acute heart Failure following myocardial infarction) evaluating 61 patients developing HF within 48 h after percutaneous coronary ...

Venous air embolism, which may complicate medical and surgical procedures, activates complement and triggers thromboinflammation. In lepirudin-anticoagulated human whole blood, we examined the effect of air bubbles on complement and its role in thromboinflammation. Whole blood from 16 donors was incubated with air bubbles without or with inhibitors of C3, C5, C5aR1, or CD14. Complement activation, ...

The inflammatory potential of 12 types of alginate-based microspheres was assessed in a human whole blood model. The inflammatory potential could be categorized from low to high based on the four main alginate microsphere types; alginate microbeads, liquefied core poly-l-ornithine (PLO)-containing microcapsules, liquefied core poly-l-lysine (PLL)-containing microcapsules, and solid core PLL-containing ...

Objective: Dysregulation of the complement system has been described in patients with heart failure (HF). However, data on the alternative pathway are scarce and it is unknown if levels of factor B (FB) and the C3 convertase C3bBbP are elevated in these patients. We hypothesized that plasma levels of FB and C3bBbP would be associated with disease severity and survival in patients with ...

<i>Objectives</i>: Inflammatory responses are closely knit with low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in driving atherosclerosis. Even if LDL-cholesterol is causative to atherosclerotic diseases and LDL-cholesterol lowering reduces hard clinical endpoints, there is a residual risk for clinical events, possibly driven by inflammatory processes, in accordance with its role in autoimmune ...

The complex molecular and cellular biological systems that maintain host homeostasis undergo continuous crosstalk. Complement, a component of innate immunity, is one such system. Initially regarded as a system to protect the host from infection, complement has more recently been shown to have numerous other functions, including involvement in embryonic development, tissue modeling, and repair. ...

INTRODUCTION: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) originates in the valvular sinuses of large veins in a local milieu characterized by stasis and severe hypoxia. This may induce complement- and coagulation activation, which potentially increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the activity of the complement pathways, the level of mannose-binding ...

<i>Objective</i>: The causal role of the prototype alarmin high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in systemic inflammation and remote organ injury after trauma and shock is established in animal models but not in humans. Our aim was therefore to determine HMGB1 concentration kinetics with high time resolution during the first hours after trauma in individual patients, and investigate the ...

Many severe inflammation conditions are complement-dependent with the complement component C5a-C5aR1 axis as an important driver. At the RNA level, the blood transcriptome undergoes programmed expression of coding and long non-coding RNAs to combat invading microorganisms. Understanding the expression of long non-coding RNAs containing Alu elements in inflammation is important for reconstructing ...

Intravenously injected nanopharmaceuticals, including PEGylated nanoparticles, induce adverse cardiopulmonary reactions in sensitive human subjects, and these reactions are highly reproducible in pigs. Although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, roles for both the complement system and reactive macrophages have been implicated. Here, we show the dominance and importance of robust ...